 What is malignant hypertension? Knowing the answer can mean the difference between life and death.
Malignant hypertension is a severe emergency which is characterized by a severe rise in the blood pressure that cannot then be lowered. It is diagnosed by of advanced retinopathy in the presence of a diastolic blood pressure of over 120 mm Hg.
Malignant hypertension is more prevalent in people of African descent and more common in smokers. It affects about 1% of people already suffering with high blood pressure. It is known to occur in younger people (even children), and also in pregnancy.
In malignant hypertension, there is usually a characteristic rush or increase in blood pressure – often for no apparent reason. Because it is difficult to reduce a malignant blood pressure, it can and will cause the vital organs of the body irreparable harm. This can include the brain, heart, eyes, kidneys and blood vessels. (They are all put under great pressure.)
Those suffering from malignant hypertension may also complain of
* Headaches
* Vomiting
* Confusional periods,
* Decreased urinary output
* Abnormal sensations in the arms, legs and other areas
* Visual disturbances
* A change in their mental state
* Restlessness and anxiety
* Decreased alertness and ability to concentrate and think
* Extreme fatigue
* Chest pain
* Shortness of breath and/or a cough
The prognosis for people suffering from malignant hypertension can be bleak, as the damage caused to the body is often life threatening – especially to older people suffering from malignant hypertension.
Any treatment given to a person suffering with malignant hypertension, should be given carefully, as a sudden decrease in blood pressure from very high levels can be just as dangerous as a blood pressure kept at a consistently high level. Malignant high blood pressure should be decreased (if possible) gradually over a period of at least a week with very carefully prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs. Complete bed rest is often prescribed to ensure complete rest is taken.
If it is treated promptly, malignant hypertension can be controlled without further complications. However, the person suffering with malignant hypertension should be monitored carefully.
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